以下为引用的内容：

ALTER TABLE table
{ [ ALTER COLUMN column_name
    { new_data_type [ ( precision [ , scale ] ) ]
        [ COLLATE < collation_name > ]
        [ NULL | NOT NULL ]
        | {ADD | DROP } ROWGUIDCOL }
    ]
    | ADD
        { [ < column_definition > ]
        | column_name AS computed_column_expression
        } [ ,...n ]
    | [ WITH CHECK | WITH NOCHECK ] ADD
        { < table_constraint > } [ ,...n ]
    | DROP
        { [ CONSTRAINT ] constraint_name
            | COLUMN column } [ ,...n ]
    | { CHECK | NOCHECK } CONSTRAINT
        { ALL | constraint_name [ ,...n ] }
    | { ENABLE | DISABLE } TRIGGER
        { ALL | trigger_name [ ,...n ] }
}

< column_definition > ::=
    { column_name data_type }
    [ [ DEFAULT constant_expression ] [ WITH VALUES ]
    | [ IDENTITY [ ( seed , increment ) [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ] ] ]
        ]
    [ ROWGUIDCOL ]
    [ COLLATE < collation_name > ]
    [ < column_constraint > ] [ ...n ]

< column_constraint > ::=
    [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
    { [ NULL | NOT NULL ]
        | [ { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
            [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ]
            [ WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor ]
            [ ON { filegroup | DEFAULT } ]
            ]
        | [ [ FOREIGN KEY ]
            REFERENCES ref_table [ ( ref_column ) ]
            [ ON DELETE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
            [ ON UPDATE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
            [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
            ]
        | CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
            ( logical_expression )
    }

< table_constraint > ::=
    [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
    { [ { PRIMARY KEY | UNIQUE }
        [ CLUSTERED | NONCLUSTERED ]
        { ( column [ ,...n ] ) }
        [ WITH FILLFACTOR = fillfactor ]
        [ ON { filegroup | DEFAULT } ]
        ]
        |    FOREIGN KEY
            [ ( column [ ,...n ] ) ]
            REFERENCES ref_table [ ( ref_column [ ,...n ] ) ]
            [ ON DELETE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
            [ ON UPDATE { CASCADE | NO ACTION } ]
            [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
        | DEFAULT constant_expression
            [ FOR column ] [ WITH VALUES ]
        |    CHECK [ NOT FOR REPLICATION ]
            ( search_conditions )
    }