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- 纯CSS实现的无侵入的卡盘（幻灯片）
- w3c标准自适应高度height100%不起作用的问题分析
- CSS代码组合和嵌套
- CSS常用属性缩写实例
- CSS代码缩写实例以及CSS缩写原因总结
- 网页字体大小的设计技巧
- CSS3的新特性介绍
- DOCTYPE和XHTML的相关认识
- DIV CSS建立的符合web标准网页的好处
- CSS语法缩写规则
- FireFox浏览器和IE浏览器下CSS兼容问题
- CSS代码属性分组的写法例子
- 解决全部网页木马的技巧
- css教程:DIV垂直居中的办法
- css常用布局多行多列
- 不同浏览器的CSS Hack写法小结
- CSS 控制字符宽度省略号效果 兼容浏览器
- 纯CSS实现的三级下拉菜单实现代码
- 快速定位页面中复杂 CSS BUG
CSS样式表 中的 英文教程:用CSS控制和操作BODY标记
出处:互联网 整理: 软晨网（RuanChen.com） 发布: 2009-09-28 浏览: 67 ::
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Let’s say you want to change the color of your links on just your contact page to red. They are blue on every other page, but it just makes sense for them to be red on your contact page (for some reason). There are a couple ways you could go about this.
- You could declare a separate stylesheet for your contact page. This isn’t ideal, because it’s redundant. If you make any other changes, you’ll always have to make them both on the main stylesheet and the contact page stylesheet.
- You could give all those links a unique class on that page. This isn’t ideal, because it isn’t very semantic and it’s also redundant. Why apply a class to every single link on the page when they really aren’t any different from links elsewhere on the site, contextually speaking?
- The best solution is to give your the body a unique ID. This solves the problem perfectly. You can use the same stylesheet and target just the links you want to with a single CSS selector.
How it’s done
Simple, literally just apply the ID to the body tag:
...
</head>
<body id="contact-page"> ...Now for our example of making all links on the contact page red instead of blue, just use some CSS like this:
a {
color: blue;
}
#contact-page a { color: red;
}
How about a more practical example?
You got it. One of the most useful implementations of this technique is within navigation. Take a look at this sample navigation:
See how the forums tab is the “active” tab? Certainly that’s just a slight change in CSS, probably just a shift in the position of a background image. Perhaps the XHTML looks something like this:
...
<li><a href="/fieldtips">Field tips</a></li>
<li class="active"><a href="/forums">Forums</a></li>
...The “active” class applied to the list item is what shifts the background image. That’ll do the trick, but what about when we move to the Field Tips page? We will have to remove the active class from the forums tab and apply it to the the Field Tips tab. That’s not very convenient. That means the code for the navigation block is unique on every single page of the site. So let’s say down the road we want to add a Contact tab, we’ll have to alter the code on every single page. No fun.
Let’s do this a little smarter. First we don’t want to include the navigation block of code on every page, we want to include it, probably with a simple PHP include like this:
<?php include_once("nav.html"); ?>
But then how do we apply the “active” class to the current navigation list element?
This is where apply what we just learned about giving unique ID’s to the body! Instead of applying a class to only the active list element, let’s apply a unique class to each separate list item as well as give our body an unique ID.
...
</head>
<body id="field-tips"> ... <li class="fieldtips"><a href="/fieldtips">Field tips</a></li> <li class="forums"><a href="/forums">Forums</a></li> ...Now we can target specific elements in the navigation with some clever CSS:
#field-tips li.fieldtips, #forums li.forums { background-position: bottom;
}This means that the code for the navigation block can stay the same on every page, yet only the navigation element native to that page will be affected by this CSS and “flip” to the active state.
Let’s get even more dynamic
Reader Brian left an awesome comment on how you can use PHP to apply the unique ID to to the body element:
<body id="<?= basename(Let’s say you want to change the color of your links on just your contact page to red. They are blue on every other page, but it just makes sense for them to be red on your contact page (for some reason). There are a couple ways you could go about this.
- You could declare a separate stylesheet for your contact page. This isn’t ideal, because it’s redundant. If you make any other changes, you’ll always have to make them both on the main stylesheet and the contact page stylesheet.
- You could give all those links a unique class on that page. This isn’t ideal, because it isn’t very semantic and it’s also redundant. Why apply a class to every single link on the page when they really aren’t any different from links elsewhere on the site, contextually speaking?
- The best solution is to give your the body a unique ID. This solves the problem perfectly. You can use the same stylesheet and target just the links you want to with a single CSS selector.
How it’s done
Simple, literally just apply the ID to the body tag:
...
</head>
<body id="contact-page"> ...
Now for our example of making all links on the contact page red instead of blue, just use some CSS like this:
a {
color: blue;
}
#contact-page a { color: red;
}
How about a more practical example?
You got it. One of the most useful implementations of this technique is within navigation. Take a look at this sample navigation:
See how the forums tab is the “active” tab? Certainly that’s just a slight change in CSS, probably just a shift in the position of a background image. Perhaps the XHTML looks something like this:
...
<li><a href="/fieldtips">Field tips</a></li>
<li class="active"><a href="/forums">Forums</a></li>
...
The “active” class applied to the list item is what shifts the background image. That’ll do the trick, but what about when we move to the Field Tips page? We will have to remove the active class from the forums tab and apply it to the the Field Tips tab. That’s not very convenient. That means the code for the navigation block is unique on every single page of the site. So let’s say down the road we want to add a Contact tab, we’ll have to alter the code on every single page. No fun.
Let’s do this a little smarter. First we don’t want to include the navigation block of code on every page, we want to include it, probably with a simple PHP include like this:
<?php include_once("nav.html"); ?>
But then how do we apply the “active” class to the current navigation list element?
This is where apply what we just learned about giving unique ID’s to the body! Instead of applying a class to only the active list element, let’s apply a unique class to each separate list item as well as give our body an unique ID.
...
</head>
<body id="field-tips"> ... <li class="fieldtips"><a href="/fieldtips">Field tips</a></li> <li class="forums"><a href="/forums">Forums</a></li> ...
Now we can target specific elements in the navigation with some clever CSS:
#field-tips li.fieldtips, #forums li.forums { background-position: bottom;
}
This means that the code for the navigation block can stay the same on every page, yet only the navigation element native to that page will be affected by this CSS and “flip” to the active state.
Let’s get even more dynamic
Reader Brian left an awesome comment on how you can use PHP to apply the unique ID to to the body element:
___FCKpd___6
This will return the name of the PHP file being executed as the ID (e.g. body id=”index.php”). To leave off the .php part, just remove the “.php” part.
SERVER['PHP_SELF'], ".php")?>">This will return the name of the PHP file being executed as the ID (e.g. body id=”index.php”). To leave off the .php part, just remove the “.php” part.
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