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Oracle备份恢复四(RMAN备份)
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平台:Redhat linux as5,Oracle10g
RMAN完全数据库备份
1.一致性备份(冷备)完整过程
| RMAN> connect target / connected to target database: DB2 (DBID=1852673443) RMAN> shutdown immediate; RMAN> startup mount; #开备 RMAN> backup database format='/oracle/rmanback/%d_%s.dbf'; Starting backup at 12-JUN-09 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=35 devtype=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset input datafile fno=00001 name=/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/db2/system01.dbf input datafile fno=00003 name=/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/db2/sysaux01.dbf input datafile fno=00002 name=/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/db2/undotbs01.dbf input datafile fno=00004 name=/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/db2/usertbs.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-JUN-09 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-JUN-09 piece handle=/oracle/rmanback/DB2_1.dbf tag=TAG20090612T071426 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset including current control file in backupset including current SPFILE in backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-JUN-09 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-JUN-09 piece handle=/oracle/rmanback/DB2_2.dbf tag=TAG20090612T071426 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04 Finished backup at 12-JUN-09 RMAN> sql 'alter database open'; RMAN> sql 'alter system archive log current'; |
| [oracle@oracle rmanback]$ pwd /oracle/rmanback [oracle@oracle rmanback]$ ls DB2_1.dbf DB2_2.dbf |
2.非一致性备份
,
| RMAN> connect target sys/123456 RMAN> backup database format='/oracle/rmanback/%d_%s.dbf'; [oracle@oracle rmanback]$ ls DB2_1.dbf DB2_2.dbf DB2_3.dbf DB2_4.dbf |
备份表空间
chenxy
| RMAN> connect target sys/123456 RMAN> backup tablespace chenxy format='/oracle/rmanback/%N_%s.dbf'; channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset input datafile fno=00005 name=/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/db2/chenxy.dbf input datafile fno=00005 name=/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/db2/chenpy.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-JUN-09 Finished backup at 12-JUN-09 [oracle@oracle rmanback]$ ls CHENXY_6.dbf CHENXY_7.dbf DB2_1.dbf DB2_2.dbf DB2_3.dbf DB2_4.dbf |
备份单个数据文件
| RMAN> connect target sys/123456 RMAN> backup datafile 5 format='/oracle/rmanback/%N_%f_%s.dbf'; |
备份控制文件和归档日志
| #备 RMAN> backup current controlfile format='/oracle/rmanback/%d_%s.ctl'; #备 RMAN> backup format='/oracle/rmanback/%d_%s.arc' 2> archivelog from time='sysdate-1' until time='sysdate'; #时备归RMAN> backup format '/oracle/rmanback/%d_%s.bak' tablespace chenxy plus archivelog; |
备份映像副本
1.数据文件副本
| RMAN> backup as copy format='/oracle/rmanback/df_5.dbf' datafile 5; |
2.控制文件副本
| RMAN> copy current controlfile to '/oracle/rmanback/db2.ctl'; [oracle@oracle rmanback]$ ls db2.ctl df_5.dbf |
3.归档日志副本
| RMAN> backup as copy format='/oracle/rmanback/arc30.log' archivelog sequence 30; RMAN> copy archivelog '/home/oracle/oracle/oradata/db2/arch/1_31_689217827.dbf' 2> to '/oracle/rmanback/arc31.log'; [oracle@oracle rmanback]$ ll total 678288 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 23883776 Jun 12 08:16 arc30.log -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1024 Jun 12 08:18 arc31.log |
4.一次备份多个映像副本
| RMAN> configure device type disk parallelism 3; RMAN> backup as copy format='/oracle/rmanback/df_%f.dbf' datafile 2,3,4; |
RMAN备份维护
1.报告目标数据库
| RMAN>report schema; RMAN>report need backup incremental 3; RMAN>report need backup days 3 tablespace chenxy; RMAN>report need backup redundancy 2 database; RMAN>report obsolete redundancy 2; RMAN>report unrecoverable; |
2.详细分析RMAN资料库
| RMAN>list backup of tablespace chenxy; RMAN>list backup of controlfile; RMAN>list backup of archivelog all; RMAN>list backup of spfile; RMAN>list copy of datafile 5; RMAN>list copy of controlfile; RMAN>list copy of archivelog; RMAN>list incarnation of database; |
3.核对磁盘和磁带上的备份文件
| RMAN>crosscheck backup; RMAN>crosscheck backup of database; RMAN>crosscheck backup of tablespace system; RMAN>crosscheck backup of datafile 4; RMAN>crosscheck backup of controlfile; RMAN>crosscheck backup of spfile; RMAN>crosscheck backup of archivelog sequence 3; RMAN>crosscheck backup of copy; RMAN>crosscheck backup of database; RMAN>crosscheck backup of tablespace users; |
4.删除备份记录及相就的物理文件
| RMAN>delete obsolete; RMAN>delete noprompt expired backup; RMAN>delete noprompt expired copy; RMAN>delete noprompt backupset 12; RMAN>delete noprompt backuppiece ‘/oracle/rmanback/ctl.bak’; RMAN>delete noprompt backup; RMAN>delete noprompt datafilecopy ‘/oracle/rmanback/*.bak’; RMAN>delete noprompt copy; RMAN>backup archivelog all delete input; |
5.改变备份记录的状态
| RMAN>change backupset 2 unavailable; RMAN>change datafilecopy ‘/oracle/rmanback/*.bak’ unavailable; RMAN>change backupset 10 keep forerer logs; RMAN>change backupset 200 keep until time ‘sysdate+60’ logs; RMAN>change backupset 20 nokeep; |
6.追加备份记录到RMAN资料库
| RMAN>catalog datafilecopy ‘/oracle/rmanback/chenxy01.bak’; RMAN>catalog backuppiece ‘/oracle/rmanback/chenxy_10.dbf’; RMAN>catalog start with ‘/oracle/rmanback’; #销 RMAN>change datafilecopy ‘/oracle/rmanback/chenxy01.bak’ uncatalog; RMAN>change controlfilecopy ‘‘/oracle/rmanback/db2.ctl’ uncatalog; RMAN>change backuppiece ‘/oracle/rmanback/chenxy02.bak’ uncatalog; |
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